• Critics slam Taiwan’s government for inadequate China curbs 批评者批评台湾政府对中国的限制不力
• Taiwan has pledged to keep advanced tech from Chinese military 台湾承诺不对中国军方提供先进技术

By Bloomberg News 2023年10月3日 at GMT+8 09:45

Several Taiwanese technology companies are helping Huawei Technologies Co. build infrastructure for an under-the-radar network of chip plants across southern China, an unusual collaboration that risks inflaming sentiment on a democratic island grappling with Beijing’s growing belligerence.

几家台湾科技公司正在帮助华为技术有限公司为华南地区一个不为人知的芯片工厂网络建设基础设施，这种不寻常的合作可能会激怒这个正在应对北京日益好战的民主岛屿的情绪。

On a scorching summer afternoon in Shenzhen in late August, one vast, nearly-finished construction site established by a Huawei-backed firm buzzed with workers. The dozens of hard-hatted staffers who gravitated toward nearby street vendors couldn’t be told apart except for brightly hued safety vests that bore their employers’ names and official logos.

8月下旬，深圳一个炎热的夏日午后，一家华为支持的公司建造的一个即将竣工的大型建筑工地里挤满了工人。数十名戴着安全帽的工作人员被附近的街头小贩吸引，除了印有雇主名字和官方标志的颜色鲜艳的安全背心外，我们无法区分他们。

They included a unit of Taiwanese chip material reseller Topco Scientific Co. and a subsidiary of Taipei-based L&K Engineering Co., according to a Bloomberg News investigation. Across town at another Huawei-affiliated site, Bloomberg identified workers from a subsidiary of construction specialist United Integrated Services Co.

根据彭博新闻社的调查，其中包括台湾芯片材料经销商 Topco Scientific Co. 的一个子公司以及总部位于台北的 L&K Engineering Co. 的子公司。在另一座华为附属工厂，彭博社发现了建筑专家联合集成服务公司子公司的工人。

WATCH:; A few Taiwan tech firms are said to be heling Huawei build infrastructure for an under-the-radar network of chip plants. Peter Elstrom reports.

Meanwhile, Taiwan’s Cica-Huntek Chemical Technology Taiwan Co. said on its website that it had won contracts to build chemical supply systems for two Chinese chipmakers — Shenzhen Pensun Technology Co. and Pengxinwei IC Manufacturing Co., which was blacklisted by the US last year. Both companies have been identified as working with Huawei to build chip fabrication facilities. The company removed the online reference after Bloomberg News inquired about it.

与此同时，台湾亚信化学科技股份有限公司在其网站上表示，已赢得为两家中国芯片制造商——深圳鹏盛科技有限公司和去年被美国列入黑名单的鹏芯微集成电路制造有限公司——建造化学品供应系统的合同。 。两家公司已被确定与华为合作建设芯片制造设施。在彭博新闻社询问后，该公司删除了在线参考内容。

The previously unreported Taiwanese presence in Huawei’s efforts risk triggering a backlash on an island that is preparing for polls next January, with the question of Taiwan’s rocky relationship with China likely the most pivotal issue.

此前未报道的台湾参与华为的努力可能会引发台湾岛内的强烈反对，该岛正在为明年一月的大选做准备，其中台湾与中国不稳定的关系问题可能是最关键的问题。

At a time when China threatens Taiwan regularly with military action for even contemplating independence, it’s unusual that members of the island’s most important industry may be helping US-sanctioned Huawei develop semiconductors to effectively break an American blockade. Those sanctions were called into question after Huawei unveiled a smartphone in late August with an advanced made-in-China chip, spurring alarm in Washington and calls to completely cut off Huawei and its Shanghai-based chipmaker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp.

在中国经常以军事行动威胁台湾甚至考虑独立之际，台湾最重要产业的成员可能会帮助美国制裁的华为开发半导体以有效打破美国的封锁，这是不寻常的。华为8月下旬推出一款采用先进中国制造芯片的智能手机后，这些制裁措施受到质疑，这引起了华盛顿的警惕，并呼吁彻底切断华为与其上海芯片制造商中芯国际的联系。

Huawei Mate 60 Pro smartphone.华为 Mate 60 Pro 智能手机。Photographer: Justin Chin/Bloomberg摄影师：Justin Chin/彭博社

Away from SMIC, Huawei is setting up its own shadow network of chipmakers with tens of billions of dollars in Chinese government support, according to trade group Semiconductor Industry Association. Huawei was said to be relying on a trio of little-known firms in Shenzhen — Pengxinwei, Pensun and SwaySure Technology Co. — to help it turn its chip designs into reality.

据行业组织半导体行业协会称，在中芯国际之外，华为正在中国政府数百亿美元的支持下建立自己的芯片制造商影子网络。据称，华为正在依靠深圳的三家鲜为人知的公司——鹏芯微、Pensun和SwaySure Technology Co.——来帮助其将芯片设计变成现实。

“The chips from these plants built with Taiwanese companies’ help could eventually be used on Chinese missiles aimed at Taiwan,” said Li Jung-Shian, professor of electrical engineering at Tainan, Taiwan-based National Cheng Kung University. “The government of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen is not being serious about Taiwan’s defense if it does not tighten controls on local firms’ support for Huawei.”

台南国立成功大学电气工程系教授李荣贤表示：“这些在台湾公司帮助下建造的工厂生产的芯片最终可能会用于中国针对台湾的导弹。” “如果台湾总统蔡英文政府不加强对本土企业支持华为的控制，那么它就不是认真对待台湾的国防。”

It’s unclear whether the Taiwanese companies’ potential involvement violates American sanctions, in part because US curbs are designed to curtail the export of American-origin technology to Huawei rather than blocking all business relationships. Kevin Wolf, a partner at Akin Gump who specializes in trade policy, says it’s impossible to know whether these firms are violating US regulations without more detailed information. Because of the complexity of US sanctions against Huawei, it can be difficult to determine such violations without knowing exactly what technologies and equipment suppliers are using.

目前尚不清楚台湾公司的潜在参与是否违反了美国的制裁，部分原因是美国的限制措施旨在限制向华为出口美国技术，而不是阻止所有业务关系。艾金·岗波律师事务所 (Akin Gump) 专门研究贸易政策的合伙人凯文·沃尔夫 (Kevin Wolf) 表示，如果没有更详细的信息，就不可能知道这些公司是否违反了美国法规。由于美国对华为制裁的复杂性，如果不确切了解供应商正在使用哪些技术和设备，就很难确定此类违规行为。

Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs, responsible for export controls, said that it will look into the four Taiwanese firms’ relations with Huawei. The ministry said in a statement in response to Bloomberg enquiries that it will reach out to the companies to “gain an understanding” of their activities in the region. The US Commerce Department declined to comment on the Huawei suppliers but referred Bloomberg News to previous statements where they said they were investigating the Chinese company’s reported chip advances.

负责出口管制的台湾经济部表示，将调查这四家台湾公司与华为的关系。该部在回应彭博社询问的一份声明中表示，将与这些公司联系，“了解”它们在该地区的活动。美国商务部拒绝对华为供应商发表评论，但向彭博社提及之前的声明，称他们正在调查这家中国公司报道的芯片进展。

“The ministry will also tell these firms to pay attention to US export control measures if the equipment they use are restricted by American rules,” the Taiwanese agency said in its statement.

该台湾机构在声明中表示：“如果这些企业使用的设备受到美国规则的限制，该部门还将告诉这些企业注意美国的出口管制措施。”

Representatives for Huawei and L&K Engineering did not respond to multiple requests for comment.

华为和 L&K Engineering 的代表没有回应多次置评请求。

The construction site of Pensun, or PST, in Shenzhen.深圳鹏盛建筑工地（PST）。Photographer: Allen Wen/Bloomberg摄影师：Allen Wen/彭博社

A Topco representative confirmed that a Chinese subsidiary has an ongoing contract to handle waste water for Pengxinwei, or PXW, and said that environmental projects aren’t prohibited by US sanctions. Topco said it secured the contract before PXW’s blacklisting and doesn’t supply semiconductor equipment or material. Cica-Huntek won a contract for Pengxinwei’s chemical supply system in 2022, according to the firm’s now-deleted web page seen by Bloomberg News. A representative for the company declined to comment.

托普科的一位代表证实，一家中国子公司正在签订一份为鹏新威（PXW）处理废水的合同，并表示美国制裁并未禁止环保项目。 Topco 表示，它在 PXW 被列入黑名单之前就获得了这份合同，并且不供应半导体设备或材料。彭博社看到的 Cica-Huntek 网页（现已删除）显示，该公司于 2022 年赢得了鹏新伟化学品供应系统的合同。该公司的一位代表拒绝发表评论。

Additionally, a tank truck from specialty gases supplier Air Liquide SA was spotted leaving the PXW campus in August. The French company said it fully complies with regulations wherever it operates.

此外，特种气体供应商液化空气集团 (Air Liquide SA) 的一辆油罐车被发现于 8 月离开 PXW 园区。这家法国公司表示，无论在哪里运营，它都完全遵守法规。

“With regards to PXW, Air Liquide China operates in full compliance with applicable regulations, supplying it only with products that are not subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations,” Air Liquide said in a statement.

液化空气在一份声明中表示，“对于PXW，液化空气中国的运营完全符合适用法规，仅向其供应不受美国出口管理条例约束的产品。”

The French finance ministry said it can’t comment on US regulations and hasn’t discussed Air Liquide’s ties with PXW with American officials.

法国财政部表示无法对美国法规发表评论，也没有与美国官员讨论液化空气集团与 PXW 的关系。

United Integrated Services confirmed that a Chinese subsidiary has won a contract to help SwaySure renovate its interior and the unit has proceeded with the project. The Taiwanese firm said as the company and its Chinese subsidiary are in the construction business and the parent does not manufacture nor export wafer-related products or equipment, they do not violate export control rules.

联合综合服务公司证实，一家中国子公司已赢得一份帮助 SwaySure 翻新其内部的合同，该部门已开始实施该项目。这家台湾公司表示，由于该公司及其中国子公司从事建筑业务，且母公司不制造也不出口晶圆相关产品或设备，因此它们没有违反出口管制规则。

“Since United Integrated Services was first founded, it has been complying with all relevant policies and regulations with all of its investments and businesses,” the company said in a statement. “The company values the rights of its investors and it prioritizes the protection of social order and public interest even more.”

该公司在一份声明中表示：“自联合综合服务公司成立以来，其所有投资和业务一直遵守所有相关政策和法规。” “公司重视投资者的权利，更注重保护社会秩序和公共利益。”

Taiwanese voters will pick their president in 2024. They will choose between a ruling party determined to maintain Taiwan’s political independence, and an opposition that sees closer ties with China — the island’s biggest trading partner — as the only viable path.

台湾选民将在 2024 年选举总统。他们将在决心维护台湾政治独立的执政党和将与台湾最大贸易伙伴中国大陆建立更密切关系视为唯一可行道路的反对党之间进行选择。

Getting support from Taiwanese firms is significant for Huawei in terms of obtaining know-how. The suppliers seen aiding Huawei-affiliated chipmakers have played a critical role in supporting industry titans like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. and helped build an economy that makes nine of every 10 of the world’s most advanced chips.

获得台湾企业的支持对于华为在获取技术方面具有重要意义。这些为华为附属芯片制造商提供帮助的供应商在支持台积电等行业巨头方面发挥了关键作用，并帮助建立了一个生产世界上每 10 个最先进芯片中就有 9 个的经济体。

Taipei has pledged to work with the US and other allies to prevent China’s military from acquiring state-of-the-art technology, as the island relies heavily on Washington for weapons and security. It will adopt measures to stop its tech from being used by the People’s Liberation Army, Deputy Minister of Economic Affairs C.C. Chen said last year. But he admitted it was “challenging” to implement export controls on China due to a “civil-military fusion” program that directs industrial innovation toward warfare.

台北承诺与美国和其他盟国合作，阻止中国军队获取最先进的技术，因为台湾在武器和安全方面严重依赖华盛顿。经济部副部长 C.C. 表示，它将采取措施阻止其技术被中国人民解放军使用。陈先生去年就说过。但他承认，由于“军民融合”计划将工业创新引向战争，对中国实施出口管制“具有挑战性”。

At the heart of Huawei’s chip initiative is a giant factory with a coal-colored exterior that stood out in an urban area full of office buildings. Run by PXW, the startup got sanctioned by the US last December after Bloomberg News reported it’s backed by Huawei, one of at least three chip factories it’s bankrolling around its Shenzhen headquarters.

华为芯片计划的核心是一座煤色外观的巨型工厂，在充满办公楼的市区中脱颖而出。这家由 PXW 运营的初创公司去年 12 月受到美国制裁，此前彭博新闻报道称该公司得到了华为的支持。华为是该公司在深圳总部周围资助的至少三个芯片工厂之一。

While the majority of workers present at these sites were mostly from local companies such as state-owned China State Construction Group Ltd., Taiwanese suppliers were spotted at all three locations. At Swaysure’s complex, United Integrated Services employees were toiling near a pole displaying the motto “winning the future with honesty and integrity.” Personnel from L&K Engineering Suzhou Co., the subsidiary, were also present at Pensun.

虽然这些工地的大多数工人大多来自国有的中国建筑集团有限公司等当地公司，但在这三个工地都发现了台湾供应商。在 Swaysure 的综合大楼里，联合集成服务公司的员工在一根柱子附近辛勤地工作，柱子上写着“以诚实和正直赢得未来”的座右铭。子公司L&K工程苏州有限公司的人员也到访了鹏盛。

“These suppliers are sacrificing other Taiwanese people’s security to make a profit,” said Lin Tsung-nan, professor of electrical engineering at Taipei-based National Taiwan University.

台北国立台湾大学电气工程系教授林宗南表示：“这些供应商正在牺牲其他台湾人民的安全来获取利润。”