王月眉, DAVID PIERSON2023年11月17日
美国总统拜登和中国领导人习近平在亚太经济合作组织会议间隙，在加利福尼亚州伍德赛德菲洛丽庄园的花园举行会晤，摄于本周三。 POOL PHOTO BY DOUG MILLS
Meeting with President Biden for the first time in a year, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, reiterated his determination to unify with Taiwan, but stopped short of mentioning the potential use of force. He denounced what he called futile American efforts at containing China, but also acknowledged that U.S. tech restrictions had taken a toll.
在与美国总统拜登举行一年来的首次会晤时，中国领导人习近平重申了统一台湾的决心，但没有提及使用武力的可能。他把美国遏制中国的努力斥责为徒劳，但也承认美国限制对华技术出口已给中国造成了损失。
And he broadcast that China had global ambitions for its influence — while also trying to reassure the world that those ambitions did not have to lead to conflict with the United States.
他宣扬中国有在全球发挥影响力的野心，同时也试图向世界保证，这些野心不是必定导致与美国的冲突。
Mr. Xi’s message at the leaders’ summit in San Francisco, as depicted by official Chinese summaries, reflected his dual, at times contradictory, priorities during his trip to the United States, which many had hoped would help inject stability into the volatile bilateral relationship.
正如中国官方对两国元首在旧金山会晤所描述的那样，习近平带来的信息反映了他美国之行双重的、有时不无矛盾的优先事项。许多人曾希望此行会有助于为动荡的双边关系注入稳定性。
Mr. Xi wants to convince Washington, and the world, that he is willing to engage with the United States, in part to lure back foreign investment to bolster China’s ailing economy. But he also wants to demonstrate to the Chinese people that he strongly defended Beijing’s interests, and burnished its image as a world power on a par with the United States, not a secondary one making concessions.
习近平想让华盛顿和世界相信，他愿意与美国接触，这部分是为了吸引外国投资回流，以提振中国陷入困境的经济。但他也想向中国人民表示，自己坚决捍卫中国政府的利益，并提升中国作为与美国平起平坐的世界大国的形象，而不是一个要做出让步的二等国家。
To strike that balance, Mr. Xi sought to cast himself as one of two men who would determine whether the United States and China chose cooperation or conflict, a choice that would “decide the future of humanity.”
为平衡这些双重目的，习近平力求将自己塑造成两个决定性人物之一，他们将决定美中是选择合作还是选择冲突，而这种选择“将决定人类前途”。
That framing was in line with Mr. Xi’s assertive vision of how the United States must accept China as an equal, said Fei-Ling Wang, a professor of international affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
乔治亚理工学院国际事务教授王飞凌说，这个表述符合习近平所坚持的愿景，那就是，美国必须接受中国为平等的国家。
“You’re either with us, listen to me and work our way, or it’s going to be a disaster,” Professor Wang said, describing Mr. Xi’s message. “We can divide the Earth, so to speak.”
“你们要么跟我们一起，听我的，以我们的方式工作，要么就是一场灾难，”王飞凌在描述习近平传递的信息时说。“可以这么说，我们能够瓜分地球。”
习近平在商界领袖欢迎他出席在旧金山举行的亚太经济合作组织会议的晚宴上发表讲话，摄于本周三。 JEFF CHIU/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Indeed, perhaps the most striking signal of how Mr. Xi sought to project his growing ambitions for China, without directly rankling the United States, came in his statement that “the Earth is big enough to accommodate both countries.” In previous meetings with former Presidents Barack Obama and Donald J. Trump, Mr. Xi had told them that the Pacific Ocean was big enough to accommodate both countries.
的确如此。习近平寻求在不直接激怒美国的情况下展示他对中国日益增长的雄心，在这方面最引人注目的信号也许是他的这个说法：“地球足够大，容得下中美两国”。此前，习近平与前总统奥巴马以及特朗普见面时曾告诉他们，太平洋足够大，容得下中美两国。
“It is an indication that Xi now sees China as a global, rather than a regional, power,” Cheng Chen, a professor of political science at the University at Albany, in New York, said. “This is in line with Xi’s strident foreign policy in recent years.”
“新说法表明习近平现在将中国视为一个全球大国，而不只是区域大国，”纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校政治学教授陈澄说。“这符合习近平近年来的强硬外交政策。”
In framing the relationship in such terms, Mr. Xi is also casting himself as a responsible global leader looking out for the interests of all nations.
通过用这种方式来表述两国关系，习近平也在把自己塑造为关照所有国家的利益、负责任的全球领袖。
That mirrors China’s bid to appeal to the developing world as a means to push back against U.S. dominance and reshape the global order to better suit China’s interests. Beijing has taken a more active role in the Middle East, bolstering ties with Arab states by expressing support for the Palestinians in Israel’s war with Hamas. But at the same time, China has been accused by its neighbors of bullying. Chinese soldiers have clashed with Indian troops over a border dispute. Chinese ships have fired water cannons and harassed Philippine boats around the South China Sea.
与之呼应的是中国试图吸引发展中国家的做法，以此来反抗美国的主导地位，并重塑全球秩序使其更好地符合中国利益。中国政府在中东扮演了更积极的角色，在以色列与哈马斯的战争中，通过表达对巴勒斯坦人的支持，加强了与阿拉伯国家的关系。但与此同时，邻国指责中国霸道。中印军队因边界争端发生过冲突。中国船只在南中国海发射高压水炮、骚扰菲律宾船只。
本月，一艘中国海警船与一艘菲律宾海警船对峙，后者当时正前往南中国海的斯普拉特利群岛执行补给任务。 JES AZNAR FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“Xi animated U.S.-China relations beyond the two countries, giving it a global perspective,” said Yun Sun, director of the China program at the Stimson Center in Washington. “He’s grandstanding and trying to take a higher approach by saying, ‘It’s not just about you and me, it’s about the whole world, so why can’t you step out of your myopic, competition-centric framing of this?’”
“习近平让美中关系超越了两国范围，具有了全球视角，”华盛顿史汀生中心中国项目主任孙韵说。“他在炫耀，而且试图采取一个更高的姿态，他说，‘这不只事关你我两国，这事关整个世界，你们在处理中美关系上为什么不能跳出短视的、以竞争为中心的框架呢？’”
Chinese state media leaned into the depiction of Mr. Xi as a peer to Mr. Biden, showing footage of the two smiling and walking shoulder-to-shoulder on the grounds of the country estate near San Francisco where they met. It highlighted Mr. Biden’s appearing impressed after inspecting Mr. Xi’s Chinese-made Hongqi luxury car, and then waiting patiently in the driveway as the Chinese leader was chauffeured away. (CCTV, the state broadcaster, started a hashtag on the social media platform Weibo: “Biden points to Hongqi car and says ‘Beautiful’.”)
中国官媒的描述强调了习近平与拜登的平等地位，播放了两人在旧金山附近见面的乡村庄园里并肩微笑同行的画面。还专门给了拜登看到习近平乘坐的中国制造的红旗牌豪华轿车后似乎很钦佩的镜头，以及两人会面后，拜登站在车道旁边耐心地为这名中国领导人的专车送行的画面。（国家电视台央视还在社交媒体平台微博上建了一个“拜登指着红旗轿车说‘漂亮’”的话题标签。）
Other footage showed a dinner for business executives held in Mr. Xi’s honor, where luminaries like Tim Cook and Elon Musk could be seen among the throngs of guests arriving to hear the Chinese leader deliver a speech.
中国官媒的报道还包括企业高管为欢迎习近平访美举行晚宴的场面，让中国观众看到了蒂姆·库克和埃隆·马斯克等名人宾客出席晚宴，来聆听这名中国领导人发表讲话的镜头。
Anything that might challenge the narrative of a warm welcome for Mr. Xi was omitted. State media outlets highlighted the crowds of supporters who gathered to wave Chinese flags, while, unsurprisingly, making no mention of protests by groups representing Tibet, Hong Kong and the northwestern Chinese region of Xinjiang. Mr. Biden’s off-the-cuff comment, in a response to a reporter’s question later, that he still regarded Mr. Xi as a dictator, was similarly left out. (Though a spokeswoman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, when asked about it by a reporter, called Mr. Biden’s remark “extremely wrong.”)
任何有违习近平受到热烈欢迎的官方叙事的内容都被略去。官媒报道中只有挥舞着中国国旗的支持者们聚集在那里的场景，看不到分别代表西藏、香港和中国西部新疆地区的团体举行抗议活动的场景，这毫不奇怪。拜登后来在回答记者提问时即兴发挥，称他仍将习近平视为独裁者，中国官媒的报道没提这个说法。（不过，中国外交部发言人在被问及有关问题时，称拜登的说法“极为错误”。）
The summit caps a tumultuous year in U.S.-China relations, which reached a low point in February after an errant Chinese surveillance balloon was discovered drifting over the United States. American businesses have grown increasingly leery of investing in China, after a series of raids and new restrictions on foreign companies in the name of national security. Ties have also been aggravated by China’s tacit support for Russia’s war in Ukraine, increased Chinese military activity around Taiwan and dangerous Chinese fighter jet intercepts over the Western Pacific, to name a few.
两国元首的见面给美中关系动荡的一年划上了句号。今年2月，美国上空发现了一个偏离航线的中国监控气球后，美中关系降到了低点。中国政府以国家安全的名义对外国公司进行了一系列突击搜查和新限制后，美国企业对在华投资变得越来越谨慎。让两国关系恶化的事情还包括，中国默默支持俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，中国增加在台湾周边的军事活动，以及中国战斗机在西太平洋上空的危险拦截飞行等。
The two sides have spent the past few months sending more senior officials to each other’s countries for talks in the hope of arresting the downward spiral. Though the summit resulted in agreements to curb fentanyl production and restarting military-to-military communications, sizable differences remained between the two sides on issues as fundamental as how to define their relationship.
在过去几个月里，双方派出更多的高级官员互访交流，希望阻止关系的进一步恶化。尽管这次元首峰会就遏制芬太尼生产、重启两国军方之间的沟通达成了一致意见，但双方在如何定义两国关系等根本问题上仍存在巨大分歧。
时任美国众议院议长的佩洛西于2022年访问台湾。 TAIWAN PRESIDENTIAL OFFICE, VIA EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK
Washington sees ties with Beijing as a form of “managed competition” that allows the two countries to challenge each other on some issues like technology but also cooperate on shared interests like climate change. China has rejected that framing, indicating that competition only sows mistrust. It has been deeply frustrated by the United States’s efforts to rally allies and other countries in Asia to counter China’s influence.
华盛顿把与北京的关系视为一种“有管理的竞争”，允许两国在技术等一些问题上相互挑战，但也在气候变化等有共同利益的问题上进行合作。中国拒绝这个框架，暗示竞争只会播下不信任的种子。它对美国团结盟友以及亚洲其他国家对抗中国影响力的努力深感懊恼。
“The number one question for us is: Are we adversaries, or partners?” Mr. Xi said at a banquet with business leaders in the evening. He added, “If one sees the other side as a primary competitor, the most consequential geopolitical challenge and a pacing threat, it will only lead to misinformed policymaking, misguided actions, and unwanted results.”
“首先要回答的是，中美到底是对手，还是伙伴，”习近平在商界领袖为他举行的晚宴上发表讲话时说。他还表示，“如果把对方视为最主要竞争对手、重大地缘政治挑战和步步紧逼的威胁，必然导致错误的政策、采取错误的行动、产生错误的结果。”
No issue threatens the relationship more than the future of Taiwan, the democratic island that China claims as its territory. Mr. Xi urged Mr. Biden to take “concrete actions” to reassure China that it still stands by its stated policy of not supporting Taiwanese independence, including by stopping the sale of arms to Taiwan.
就威及两国关系的问题而言，没有什么比台湾的未来更重要的了。中国声称对民主自治的台湾拥有主权。习近平敦促拜登采取“具体行动”向中国保证，美国仍坚持其宣扬的不支持台湾独立的政策，包括停止向台湾出售武器。
Mr. Xi’s language was less bellicose than China’s usual statements on Taiwan, said Amanda Hsiao, a senior analyst for the International Crisis Group. “The language sounds more businesslike,” she said.
与中国在台湾问题上的通常声明相比，习近平这次使用的语言不是那么好战，国际危机组织的高级分析师萧嫣然(Amanda Hsiao)说。“这次用的语言听起来更务实，”她说。
北京的一个街头屏幕正在播放习近平抵达旧金山国际机场、出席亚太经合组织会议的新闻报道。 PEDRO PARDO/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
支持西藏的示威者与习近平的支持者们周三在旧金山的集会上对峙。 FREDERIC J. BROWN/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Mr. Xi also struck a softer tone than usual at the banquet dinner with American business leaders, highlighting the ways China and the United States could overcome their differences. Mr. Xi spoke about the American pilots known as the Flying Tigers who aided China during World War II against Japan. He hinted at the prospect of China’s sending new pandas to the United States. And he reminisced about the time he lived with an American family in Iowa in 1985 as part of an agricultural exchange.
习近平在美国商界领袖的晚宴上也使用了比平时更温和的语调，强调了中美两国能够克服分歧的做法。习近平提了第二次世界大战期间帮助中国抵抗日本的“飞虎队”。他还暗示，中国将把新的大熊猫租借给美国。他回忆了1985年在爱荷华州与一个美国家庭一起生活的经历，那是一个农业交流项目的一部分。
“As assertive a great leader as he is,” Professor Wang said of Mr. Xi’s projected image, “he has to worry about where his money is going to come from.”
“虽然他有作为一名伟大领袖的自信，”王飞凌在谈到习近平的形象时说，“但他也不得不担心他的钱从哪里来。”
加州的这次会晤是拜登和习近平一年来的第一次会面。 DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
