Li Keqiang walks to deliver a speech during the opening of the first session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) in Beijing on March 5, 2023.

2023年3月5日，李克强在北京举行的第十四届全国人大第一次会议开幕式上发表讲话。

Photographer: Lintao Zhang/Getty Images 摄影师：张林涛/盖蒂图片社

By Bloomberg News 2023年10月27日 at GMT+8 08:17

China’s former Premier Li Keqiang has suddenly died less than a year after stepping down from overseeing the world’s second-largest economy.
中国前总理李克强在卸任世界第二大经济体职务不到一年后突然去世。

Li suffered a sudden heart attack on Thursday and passed away in the early hours of Friday in Shanghai after all rescue efforts failed, state broadcaster China Central Television reported. He was 68.
据国家电视台中国中央电视台报道，李周四突发心脏病，并在所有救援工作失败后于周五凌晨在上海去世。享年68岁。

Li KeqiangPhotographer: Geert Vanden Wijngaert/Bloomberg摄影师：Geert Vanden Wijngaert/Bloomberg

After a decade as the ruling Communist Party’s second-most powerful man, Li retired in March and was replaced by Li Qiang. He had also served as a member of the ruling Communist Party’s top decision-making Politburo Standing Committee.
在担任执政的共产党第二有权势的人十年后，李克强于3月退休，由李强接任。他还曾担任执政的共产党最高决策政治局常务委员会委员。

Li was born in Anhui province in central China in July 1955 to a father who was a county-level government official. During the Cultural Revolution he was sent to work in the province’s countryside, spending several years doing manual labor while becoming his unit’s party branch secretary.
1955年7月出生于中国中部的安徽省，父亲是县级政府官员。文化大革命期间，他被派往该省农村工作，花了几年时间从事体力劳动，同时担任本单位党支部书记。

Li’s Premiership 李克强的总理任期

Li ascended the political ladder via challenging stints as party chief in the provinces of Liaoning and Henan. In Henan, he oversaw strong growth, but also presided over a blood donation scandal that infected rural residents with HIV.
李通过挑战辽宁省和河南省党委书记的任期登上了政治阶梯。在河南，他监督了强劲的增长，但也主持了一起献血丑闻，使农村居民感染了艾滋病毒。

After losing out to Xi Jinping for the role as president, Li became premier and carved out a policy platform based on cutting red tape and taxes on business. He also championed “new style urbanization,” which encouraged city growth to be linked with the provision of employment and public services.
在输给习近平担任总统后，李克强成为总理，并制定了一个基于减少繁文缛节和商业税收的政策平台。他还倡导“新型城市化”，鼓励城市发展与提供就业和公共服务挂钩。

Li Keqiang, right, with Xi Jinping at the National People’s Congress in Beijing in March.李克强（右）与习近平3月在北京召开的全国人民代表大会上合影。Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg摄影师：沈启来/彭博社

But Li’s role diminished once Xi moved key economic policy decisions to a series of party committees led by himself and his trusted economic aide, Liu He. Li, in turn, spent much of his time responding to crises and ensuring that officials followed the Chinese leader’s decisions.
但是，一旦习近平将关键的经济政策决策交给由他自己和他信任的经济助手刘鹤领导的一系列党委，李克强的作用就减弱了。反过来，李克强花了很多时间应对危机，并确保官员们遵循中国领导人的决定。

Earlier in his tenure, Li cracked down on extravagant spending to rein in an economy dependent on investment. His policies were dubbed Likonomics by Barclays economists in a report that generalized his approach as “no stimulus, deleveraging and structural reform.”
在上任初期，李克强打击了奢侈消费，以控制依赖投资的经济。他的政策被巴克莱经济学家在一份报告中称为“李克经济学”，该报告将他的方法概括为“无刺激，去杠杆化和结构性改革”。

Li also used electricity use, rail cargo volume and bank loans as proxies for growth during his years in Liaoning province. Bloomberg Intelligence has developed a “Li Keqiang Index” in a weighted average of the data to gauge China’s economy.
李在辽宁省期间还利用用电、铁路货运量和银行贷款作为增长的代理。彭博情报（Bloomberg Intelligence）开发了“李克强指数”，以加权平均数据来衡量中国经济。